Hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, peb -theem alternating tam sim no yuav luag tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, kev xa tawm, thiab kev siv siab - kawg. Lub 10.5kV lossis 20kV peb-theem hluav taws xob tso tawm los ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, tom qab kev txhawb nqa, kev xa mus ntev - deb, thiab txo qhov hluav taws xob, thaum kawg tsav tsheb loj hauv cov chaw tsim khoom, lub hauv paus cua txias hauv khw malls, thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog. Hauv cov saw hluav taws xob ua tiav no, peb -theem transformers ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev faib hluav taws xob. Yog li, cov qauv twg thiab txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm dab tsi ua rau peb -theem transformers cia siab rau ua rau lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov tsis tau qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam thiab lub zog hluav taws xob? Dab tsi yog nws qhov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo piv rau ib zaug -theem transformers? Yam tseem ceeb dab tsi yuav tsum tau xav txog hauv kev xaiv tiag tiag thiab kev lag luam xa tawm?
Lub essence ntawm apeb-theem transformeryog rau nruab peb ib zaug xwb -theem windings nrog tib zaus thiab ib theem sib txawv ntawm 120 degrees ntawm tib peb kem los yog tsib kem hlau core, tsim ib tug ua tiav magnetic circuit. Raws li kev tsim qauv, peb-theem hlau cores feem ntau yog siv peb kab: txhua kem yog haum nrog ib theem sib nqus high voltage winding thiab low voltage winding, thiab sab sauv thiab qis kawg ntawm peb kab yog txuas nrog hlau yokes los tsim ib lub voj voog kaw sib nqus. Lub high voltage winding thiab low voltage winding tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub hnub qub (Y) lossis daim duab peb sab (D) kev sib txuas, yog li sib txuas cov kev sib txuas sib txawv xws li Yyn0 thiab Dyn11 kom hloov mus rau qhov sib txawv nruab nrab hauv av txoj kev, kev sib haum xeeb kev xav, thiab kev ua haujlwm sib luag. Piv nrog rau peb-theem pawg uas muaj peb zaug ib zaug-theem transformers, peb theem-theem transformer tshem tawm cov hlau yoke cov khoom ntawm peb lub cores ywj siab hlau, muaj luv luv magnetic circuits, txo tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov hlau cores li ntawm 20% mus rau 30%, thiab muaj kev poob qis dua thiab me dua hneev taw. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas peb -theem transformers hloov ib qho -theem transformer banks nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam thiab daim phiaj fais fab.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm electromagnetic hauv paus ntsiab lus, yog vim li cas vim li cas peb -theem transformers tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog hloov pauv tau zoo dua yog vim muaj kev sib luag thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm lawv cov hluav taws xob sib nqus. Raws li qhov excitation ntawm peb -theem sinusoidal AC voltage, lub ntsiab sib nqus fluxes nyob rau hauv peb hlau cores sib txawv los ntawm 120 degrees nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab sib koom tib lub kaw hlau tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, yog li ntawd cov sum ntawm peb-phase magnetic fluxes yog xoom txhua lub sij hawm. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub yoke hlau ntawm peb -theem transformer, tsuas yog lub phasor sum ntawm peb-phase magnetic flux yuav tsum tau ntws, thiab nws tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam yuav tsawg tshaj li ntawm cov hlau core kem, yog li ntxiv txuag hlau core cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum peb theem{10}}theem transformer ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom sib luag, qhov sib npaug ntawm peb qhov tam sim no yog xoom, thiab tsis muaj tam sim no ntawm cov kab nruab nrab. Yog li ntawd, cov kab nruab nrab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm lossis qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab tuaj yeem raug coj tawm rau kev tiv thaiv hauv av. Qhov kev sib txuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab hluav taws xob Circuit Court no ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov dua, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua rau peb -theem transformers piv rau kev sib xyaw ntawm peb ib zaug -theem transformers.
Qhov zoo ntawm peb -theem transformers ncaj qha txiav txim siab lawv ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv thov scenarios. Nyob rau sab tsim hluav taws xob, yuav luag tag nrho cov kauj ruam - nce transformers ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob yog peb -theem transformers, uas nce cov hluav taws xob nruab nrab hluav taws xob mus rau 110kV, 220kV, los yog ntau dua qhov hluav taws xob rau ntev - kis tau tus mob tsawg. Nyob rau hauv lub hub substations thaum lub sij hawm xa hluav taws xob, peb -theem autotransformers thiab peb -theem peb winding transformers yog lub luag hauj lwm rau interconnecting zog grid ntawm txawv voltage theem. Nyob rau sab kev faib khoom, peb-theem roj raus lossis qhuav- hom kev faib hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv cov chav faib khoom hauv nroog thiab chaw ua si hauv chaw ua haujlwm kom txo tau 10kV mus rau 400V, muab peb-theem plaub xaim hluav taws xob rau cov khoom tsim khoom, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv loj -scale industrial loads, cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb xws li peb-theem asynchronous motors, zaus converters, thiab hluav taws xob rauv tag nrho yuav tsum tau peb -theem fais fab mov. Qhov peb -theem transformer tsis tsuas yog ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob xwb, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam cov kev sib raug zoo thib peb thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom tsis sib npaug los ntawm kev sib txuas Dyn11. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub zog tshiab, kev xa tawm ntawm photovoltaic inverters feem ntau yog peb-theem, thiab tom qab peb-theem boosting transformer boosts qhov tsawg-voltage peb-theem hluav taws xob tso zis los ntawm inverter mus rau 10kV los yog 35kV mus rau hauv lub hwj chim. Nws tsis yog ib qho lus tshaj tawm hais tias tsis muaj peb -theem transformers, yuav tsis muaj lub hauv paus rau kev lag luam niaj hnub thiab cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog.
Txawm li cas los xij, peb -theem transformers tsis haum rau txhua qhov xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas ib zaug -theem loads dominates thiab muaj peev xwm me me, xws li ib lub tsev fais fab mov nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob, txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, railway teeb liab fais fab mov, thiab lwm yam., siv ib zaug xwb -theem transformers ncaj qha yog ntau yig thiab saj zawg zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ultra-high voltage thiab loj muaj peev xwm substations, vim hais tias ntawm kev thauj mus los loj thiab hnyav txwv, tej zaum nws yog tsim nyog los siv peb ib zaug xwb-theem transformers los ua ib tug peb-theem pab pawg, txhua yam uas yuav raug thauj mus los nyias mus rau qhov chaw thiab ces txuas. Tab sis txoj hauv kev no yog qhov tshwj xeeb, vim tias qhov muaj peev xwm thiab qhov hluav taws xob theem ntawm cov pa peb -theem transformers yog txaus los npog feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam thiab hluav taws xob xav tau. Cov neeg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws yuav tsum tau qhia meej meej rau cov neeg siv khoom tias peb -theem transformers yuav tsum tau ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua lag luam siab - muaj peev xwm ntau lawm, kev faib hluav taws xob rau pej xeem, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lag luam; Rau ib zaug ib zaug -theem loads lossis tshwj xeeb kev cais tawm, cov kev daws teeb meem ib zaug tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag.
Kev xaiv ntawm peb -theem transformers muaj ntau yam kev ntsuas. Lub peev xwm ntsuas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li tag nrho lub zog thauj khoom, sib npaug coefficient, thiab kev loj hlob, nrog rau cov peev txheej xws li 30kVA mus rau kaum ntawm MVA. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum sib phim cov qib voltage ntawm lub hwj huam mov sab thiab sab load, thiab xav txog qhov tapping ntau yam. Cov pab pawg kev sib txuas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev - Tuam Tshoj thiab Europe feem ntau siv Dyn11 (siab-voltage sab daim duab peb sab, qis-voltage sab hnub qub nrog nruab nrab taw tes, 11 point kev twb kev txuas), uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus loj peb -theem unbalanced loads thiab muab ib tug 220V nruab nrab 12 taw tes; Qee lub sijhawm hauv North America, Yyn0 yog siv. Cov qauv kab sib chaws thiab cov txheej txheem hauv av hauv lub tebchaws lossis thaj chaw uas tus neeg siv khoom nyob yuav txiav txim siab xaiv cov pab pawg sib txuas. Qhov luv-circuit impedance cuam tshuam rau luv-circuit tam sim no theem thiab voltage tswj tus nqi ntawm lub cev, thiab tus qauv impedance tus nqi feem ntau yog 4%, 6%, lossis 8%. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia meej txog txoj kev ua kom txias (roj rau nws tus kheej txias ONAN, qhuav nws tus kheej txias AN lossis yuam cua txias AF), qib kev tiv thaiv (IP00, IP20, IP23, thiab lwm yam), qib rwb thaiv tsev (F theem, H theem, thiab lwm yam), thiab ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob (altitude, ambient kub, pa phem theem). Rau cov khoom xa tawm, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov zaus (50Hz lossis 60Hz) thiab qib voltage ntawm lub teb chaws lub hom phiaj (xws li 480V / 277V rau qhov hluav taws xob tsawg hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab 400V / 230V hauv Tebchaws Europe).
Hais txog kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb, kev xa tawm ntawm peb -theem transformers rau cov lag luam sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv sib txawv. IEC 60076 series yog ib qho kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv uas suav nrog cov khoom kuaj xws li qhov kub thiab txias, qib rwb thaiv tsev, thiab luv luv - Circuit Court withstand peev. Nrog rau CB system, cov tuam ntxhab tuaj yeem thov daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws cov tswv cuab nrog ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm CB. Rau European Union, peb theem -theem transformers yuav tsum ua raws li Low Voltage Directive (LVD) thiab Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC), thiab affixed nrog CE cim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ErP Cov Lus Qhia (EC No 548/2014) teeb tsa cov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob (tsis muaj- thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom tsis txwv) rau cov me thiab nruab nrab- loj peb-theem transformers, thiab cov khoom uas tsis ua raws li cov qauv kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog tsis tso cai nkag mus rau EU ua lag luam. Kev ua lag luam North American xav tau peb-theem transformers kom tau raws li ANSI/IEEE C57.12 series qauv thiab tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm NRTL lub chaw soj nstuam xws li UL thiab CSA. Tsis tas li ntawd, US Department of Energy (DOE) tau tsim cov qauv kev siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb -theem faib transformers (10 CFR 431), nrog rau kev sim raws li IEEE C57.12.00. Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb heev rau North American cov neeg yuav khoom, thiab qib thawj lossis qib thib ob lub zog siv hluav taws xob feem ntau dhau los ua qhov pib sib tw. Rau peb -theem transformers xa tawm mus rau Saudi Arabia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau thov rau PCoC thiab SCoC daim ntawv pov thawj ua raws li SABER platform thiab ua tau raws li Saudi tus qauv SASO IEC 60076. Kev xa tawm mus rau Russia thiab Eurasian Economic Union yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj EAC, suav nrog TR CU 0004/2012 thiab TR 004/201 CU. (electromagnetic compatibility), thiab loj transformers kuj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas Hoobkas. Kev xa tawm mus rau Is Nrias teb yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj BIS (raws li IS 2026 lossis IS 11171). Muab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev lees paub, cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws yuav tsum nug txog cov ntawv pov thawj uas xav tau los ntawm lub hom phiaj kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom thaum lub sij hawm hais lus, thiab lees paub nrog lub tuam txhab kev lag luam seb cov khoom tsim tau raws li cov qauv sib txawv, txhawm rau zam kom tsis txhob raug kho lossis rov qab los vim tsis yog - ua raws li cov qauv hauv theem tom ntej.
Hauv kev sib piv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, peb -theem transformers muaj lwm qhov feem ntau tsis pom zoo: kev lag luam rov qab tsis tau rov qab. Rau peb -theem transformer, yog tias nws puas lawm, nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov lossis kho kom tiav, ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntev. Yog tias peb ib zaug xwb -theem transformer teeb raug siv, yog tias ib qho ntawm lawv tsis ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem txuas mus rau V-V ib ntus thiab txuas ntxiv muab lub zog nrog ob-feem peb ntawm lub peev xwm los xyuas kom meej cov khoom tseem ceeb. Tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig no feem ntau tsuas yog tsim nyog rau tus nqi ntxiv hauv cov xwm txheej nrog ultra-siab voltage thiab muaj peev xwm loj lossis siab heev uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li. Rau feem coob ntawm cov neeg siv, kev lag luam dav dav ntawm peb -theem transformers yog qhov zoo dua.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam transformer, thaum nrov kev paub txog peb -theem transformers rau cov neeg siv khoom, lawv yuav tsum pab cov neeg siv khoom piav qhia ntau cov lus nug tseem ceeb: Dab tsi yog qhov peb yuav tsum muaj -theem peev txheej rau qhov project? Dab tsi yog qhov voltage thiab load voltage theem? Puas muaj peb -theem fais fab mov muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw? Puas muaj coob tus ntawm ib qho -theem cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub load, thiab puas peb -theem transformers yuav tsum tau muab ib qho nruab nrab point? Dab tsi yog pawg khi thiab cov ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub hom phiaj kev lag luam? Thaum cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug no kom meej, cov txheej txheem xaiv rau peb -theem transformers yuav raug tsim. Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, peb -theem transformers yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua lub luag haujlwm hloov tsis tau hauv ntiaj teb cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw tsim khoom vim lawv cov kev ua haujlwm siab, kev lag luam, thiab kev cog lus. Thiab thaum koj cov neeg siv khoom xaiv transformers rau lub Hoobkas tshiab, thaj chaw nyob, lossis chaw nres tsheb photovoltaic, peb -theem transformers yuav luag txhua qhov lus teb tsim nyog xav txog ua ntej.
Hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, peb -theem alternating tam sim no yuav luag tag nrho cov tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, kev xa tawm, thiab kev siv siab - kawg. Lub 10.5kV lossis 20kV peb-theem hluav taws xob tso tawm los ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, tom qab kev txhawb nqa, kev xa mus ntev - deb, thiab txo qhov hluav taws xob, thaum kawg tsav tsheb loj hauv cov chaw tsim khoom, lub hauv paus cua txias hauv khw malls, thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog. Hauv cov saw hluav taws xob ua tiav no, peb -theem transformers ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev faib hluav taws xob. Yog li, cov qauv twg thiab txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm dab tsi ua rau peb -theem transformers cia siab rau ua rau lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov tsis tau qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam thiab lub zog hluav taws xob? Dab tsi yog nws qhov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo piv rau ib zaug -theem transformers? Yam tseem ceeb dab tsi yuav tsum tau xav txog hauv kev xaiv tiag tiag thiab kev lag luam xa tawm?
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm peb -theem transformer yog rau nruab peb ib zaug xwb-theem windings nrog tib zaus thiab ib theem sib txawv ntawm 120 degrees ntawm tib peb kem los yog tsib kem hlau core, tsim ib tug ua tiav magnetic circuit. Raws li kev tsim qauv, peb -theem hlau cores feem ntau yog siv peb kab: txhua kem yog haum nrog ib theem siab voltage winding thiab qis voltage winding, thiab sab sauv thiab qis kawg ntawm peb kab yog txuas nrog hlau yokes los tsim ib tug kaw magnetic circuit. Lub high voltage winding thiab low voltage winding tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub hnub qub (Y) lossis daim duab peb sab (D) kev sib txuas, yog li sib txuas cov kev sib txuas sib txawv xws li Yyn0 thiab Dyn11 kom hloov mus rau qhov sib txawv nruab nrab hauv av txoj kev, kev sib haum xeeb kev xav, thiab kev ua haujlwm sib luag. Piv nrog rau peb -theem pawg uas muaj peb zaug ib zaug xwb{10}}theem transformers, peb theem{11}}theem transformer tshem tawm cov hlau yoke cov ntaub ntawv ntawm peb lub cores ywj siab hlau, muaj ib tug luv luv magnetic circuits, txo tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov hlau cores li ntawm 20% mus rau 30%, thiab muaj kev poob qis thiab me dua hneev taw. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas peb -theem transformers hloov ib zaug xwb-theem transformer banks nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov kev lag luam thiab hluav taws xob daim phiaj siv.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm electromagnetic hauv paus ntsiab lus, yog vim li cas vim li cas peb -theem transformers tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog hloov pauv tau zoo dua yog vim muaj kev sib luag thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm lawv cov hluav taws xob sib nqus. Raws li qhov excitation ntawm peb -theem sinusoidal AC voltage, lub ntsiab sib nqus fluxes nyob rau hauv peb hlau cores sib txawv los ntawm 120 degrees nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab sib koom tib lub kaw hlau tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, yog li ntawd cov sum ntawm peb-phase magnetic fluxes yog xoom txhua lub sij hawm. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub yoke hlau ntawm peb -theem transformer, tsuas yog lub phasor sum ntawm peb-phase magnetic flux yuav tsum tau ntws, thiab nws tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam yuav tsawg tshaj li ntawm cov hlau core kem, yog li ntxiv txuag hlau core cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum peb theem{10}}theem transformer ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom sib luag, qhov sib npaug ntawm peb qhov tam sim no yog xoom, thiab tsis muaj tam sim no ntawm cov kab nruab nrab. Yog li ntawd, cov kab nruab nrab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm lossis qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab tuaj yeem raug coj tawm rau kev tiv thaiv hauv av. Qhov kev sib txuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab hluav taws xob Circuit Court no ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov dua, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua rau peb -theem transformers piv rau kev sib xyaw ntawm peb ib zaug -theem transformers.
Qhov zoo ntawm peb -theem transformers ncaj qha txiav txim siab lawv ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv thov scenarios. Nyob rau sab tsim hluav taws xob, yuav luag tag nrho cov kauj ruam - nce transformers ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob yog peb -theem transformers, uas nce cov hluav taws xob nruab nrab hluav taws xob mus rau 110kV, 220kV, los yog ntau dua qhov hluav taws xob rau ntev - kis tau tus mob tsawg. Nyob rau hauv lub hub substations thaum lub sij hawm xa hluav taws xob, peb -theem autotransformers thiab peb -theem peb winding transformers yog lub luag hauj lwm rau interconnecting zog grid ntawm txawv voltage theem. Nyob rau sab kev faib khoom, peb-theem roj raus lossis qhuav- hom kev faib hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv cov chav faib khoom hauv nroog thiab chaw ua si hauv chaw ua haujlwm kom txo tau 10kV mus rau 400V, muab peb-theem plaub xaim hluav taws xob rau cov khoom tsim khoom, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv loj -scale industrial loads, cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb xws li peb-theem asynchronous motors, zaus converters, thiab hluav taws xob rauv tag nrho yuav tsum tau peb -theem fais fab mov. Qhov peb -theem transformer tsis tsuas yog ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob xwb, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam cov kev sib raug zoo thib peb thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom tsis sib npaug los ntawm kev sib txuas Dyn11. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub zog tshiab, kev xa tawm ntawm photovoltaic inverters feem ntau yog peb-theem, thiab tom qab peb-theem boosting transformer boosts qhov tsawg-voltage peb-theem hluav taws xob tso zis los ntawm inverter mus rau 10kV los yog 35kV mus rau hauv lub hwj chim. Nws tsis yog ib qho lus tshaj tawm hais tias tsis muaj peb -theem transformers, yuav tsis muaj lub hauv paus rau kev lag luam niaj hnub thiab cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog.
Txawm li cas los xij, peb -theem transformers tsis haum rau txhua qhov xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas ib zaug -theem loads dominates thiab muaj peev xwm me me, xws li ib lub tsev fais fab mov nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob, txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, railway teeb liab fais fab mov, thiab lwm yam., siv ib zaug xwb -theem transformers ncaj qha yog ntau yig thiab saj zawg zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ultra-high voltage thiab loj muaj peev xwm substations, vim hais tias ntawm kev thauj mus los loj thiab hnyav txwv, tej zaum nws yog tsim nyog los siv peb ib zaug xwb-theem transformers los ua ib tug peb-theem pab pawg, txhua yam uas yuav raug thauj mus los nyias mus rau qhov chaw thiab ces txuas. Tab sis txoj hauv kev no yog qhov tshwj xeeb, vim tias qhov muaj peev xwm thiab qhov hluav taws xob theem ntawm cov pa peb -theem transformers yog txaus los npog feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam thiab hluav taws xob xav tau. Cov neeg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws yuav tsum tau qhia meej meej rau cov neeg siv khoom tias peb -theem transformers yuav tsum tau ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua lag luam siab - muaj peev xwm ntau lawm, kev faib hluav taws xob rau pej xeem, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lag luam; Rau ib zaug ib zaug -theem loads lossis tshwj xeeb kev cais tawm, cov kev daws teeb meem ib zaug tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag.
Kev xaiv ntawm peb -theem transformers muaj ntau yam kev ntsuas. Lub peev xwm ntsuas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li tag nrho lub zog thauj khoom, sib npaug coefficient, thiab kev loj hlob, nrog rau cov peev txheej xws li 30kVA mus rau kaum ntawm MVA. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum sib phim cov qib voltage ntawm lub hwj huam mov sab thiab sab load, thiab xav txog qhov tapping ntau yam. Cov pab pawg kev sib txuas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev - Tuam Tshoj thiab Europe feem ntau siv Dyn11 (siab-voltage sab daim duab peb sab, qis-voltage sab hnub qub nrog nruab nrab taw tes, 11 point kev twb kev txuas), uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus loj peb -theem unbalanced loads thiab muab ib tug 220V nruab nrab 12 taw tes; Qee lub sijhawm hauv North America, Yyn0 yog siv. Cov qauv kab sib chaws thiab cov txheej txheem hauv av hauv lub tebchaws lossis thaj chaw uas tus neeg siv khoom nyob yuav txiav txim siab xaiv cov pab pawg sib txuas. Qhov luv-circuit impedance cuam tshuam rau luv-circuit tam sim no theem thiab voltage tswj tus nqi ntawm lub cev, thiab tus qauv impedance tus nqi feem ntau yog 4%, 6%, lossis 8%. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia meej txog txoj kev ua kom txias (roj rau nws tus kheej txias ONAN, qhuav nws tus kheej txias AN lossis yuam cua txias AF), qib kev tiv thaiv (IP00, IP20, IP23, thiab lwm yam), qib rwb thaiv tsev (F theem, H theem, thiab lwm yam), thiab ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob (altitude, ambient kub, pa phem theem). Rau cov khoom xa tawm, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov zaus (50Hz lossis 60Hz) thiab qib voltage ntawm lub teb chaws lub hom phiaj (xws li 480V / 277V rau qhov hluav taws xob tsawg hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab 400V / 230V hauv Tebchaws Europe).
Hais txog kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb, kev xa tawm ntawm peb -theem transformers rau cov lag luam sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv sib txawv. IEC 60076 series yog ib qho kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv uas suav nrog cov khoom kuaj xws li qhov kub thiab txias, qib rwb thaiv tsev, thiab luv luv - Circuit Court withstand peev. Nrog rau CB system, cov tuam ntxhab tuaj yeem thov daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws cov tswv cuab nrog ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm CB. Rau European Union, peb theem -theem transformers yuav tsum ua raws li Low Voltage Directive (LVD) thiab Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC), thiab affixed nrog CE cim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ErP Cov Lus Qhia (EC No 548/2014) teeb tsa cov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob (tsis muaj- thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom tsis txwv) rau cov me thiab nruab nrab- loj peb-theem transformers, thiab cov khoom uas tsis ua raws li cov qauv kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog tsis tso cai nkag mus rau EU ua lag luam. Kev ua lag luam North American xav tau peb-theem transformers kom tau raws li ANSI/IEEE C57.12 series qauv thiab tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm NRTL lub chaw soj nstuam xws li UL thiab CSA. Tsis tas li ntawd, US Department of Energy (DOE) tau tsim cov qauv kev siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb -theem faib transformers (10 CFR 431), nrog rau kev sim raws li IEEE C57.12.00. Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb heev rau North American cov neeg yuav khoom, thiab qib thawj lossis qib thib ob lub zog siv hluav taws xob feem ntau dhau los ua qhov pib sib tw. Rau peb -theem transformers xa tawm mus rau Saudi Arabia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau thov rau PCoC thiab SCoC daim ntawv pov thawj ua raws li SABER platform thiab ua tau raws li Saudi tus qauv SASO IEC 60076. Kev xa tawm mus rau Russia thiab Eurasian Economic Union yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj EAC, suav nrog TR CU 0004/2012 thiab TR 004/201 CU. (electromagnetic compatibility), thiab loj transformers kuj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas Hoobkas. Kev xa tawm mus rau Is Nrias teb yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj BIS (raws li IS 2026 lossis IS 11171). Muab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev lees paub, cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws yuav tsum nug txog cov ntawv pov thawj uas xav tau los ntawm lub hom phiaj kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom thaum lub sij hawm hais lus, thiab lees paub nrog lub tuam txhab kev lag luam seb cov khoom tsim tau raws li cov qauv sib txawv, txhawm rau zam kom tsis txhob raug kho lossis rov qab los vim tsis yog - ua raws li cov qauv hauv theem tom ntej.
Hauv kev sib piv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, peb -theem transformers muaj lwm qhov feem ntau tsis pom zoo: kev lag luam rov qab tsis tau rov qab. Rau peb -theem transformer, yog tias nws puas lawm, nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov lossis kho kom tiav, ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntev. Yog tias peb ib zaug xwb -theem transformer teeb raug siv, yog tias ib qho ntawm lawv tsis ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem txuas mus rau V-V ib ntus thiab txuas ntxiv muab lub zog nrog ob-feem peb ntawm lub peev xwm los xyuas kom meej cov khoom tseem ceeb. Tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig no feem ntau tsuas yog tsim nyog rau tus nqi ntxiv hauv cov xwm txheej nrog ultra-siab voltage thiab muaj peev xwm loj lossis siab heev uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li. Rau feem coob ntawm cov neeg siv, kev lag luam dav dav ntawm peb -theem transformers yog qhov zoo dua.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam transformer, thaum nrov kev paub txog peb -theem transformers rau cov neeg siv khoom, lawv yuav tsum pab cov neeg siv khoom piav qhia ntau cov lus nug tseem ceeb: Dab tsi yog qhov peb yuav tsum muaj -theem peev txheej rau qhov project? Dab tsi yog qhov voltage thiab load voltage theem? Puas muaj peb -theem fais fab mov muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw? Puas muaj coob tus ntawm ib qho -theem cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub load, thiab puas peb -theem transformers yuav tsum tau muab ib qho nruab nrab point? Dab tsi yog pawg khi thiab cov ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau ua rau lub hom phiaj kev lag luam? Thaum cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug no kom meej, cov txheej txheem xaiv rau peb -theem transformers yuav raug tsim. Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, peb -theem transformers yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua lub luag haujlwm hloov tsis tau hauv ntiaj teb cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw tsim khoom vim lawv cov kev ua haujlwm siab, kev lag luam, thiab kev cog lus. Thiab thaum koj cov neeg siv khoom xaiv transformers rau lub Hoobkas tshiab, thaj chaw nyob, lossis chaw nres tsheb photovoltaic, peb -theem transformers yuav luag txhua qhov lus teb tsim nyog xav txog ua ntej.
