Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim loj, cov hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob yuav tsum dhau mus ntev - cov kab sib kis thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txo qhov hluav taws xob ua ntej thaum kawg teeb lub teeb thiab tsav lub cev muaj zog. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob "mile kawg" yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv. Nws tsis sawv hauv qhov chaw loj hub xws li ultra-high voltage transformers, thiab nws tsis nrov nrov tshaj tawm lub zog hloov dua siab tshiab xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau muab faib ua ntau pua txhiab tus ntawm cov nroog txoj kev hauv nroog, txoj kev nyob deb nroog, cov chaw faib khoom hauv tsev, thiab cov ces kaum ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj kev lag luam, ntsiag to ua tiav cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo cov hluav taws xob nruab nrab hluav taws xob mus rau qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob uas cov neeg siv khoom siv tau zoo. Yog li, yam khoom siv twg yog qhov kev faib tawm transformer? Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm nws thiab feem ntau hu ua fais fab transformer? Raws li tus qauv ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub zog tshiab, kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis thiab kev xaiv cov kev xav tau dab tsi cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob?
Los ntawm lub ntsiab lus txhais, afaib transformer, abbreviated li "distribution transformer", yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub uas ua haujlwm hauv kev faib khoom thiab hloov AC voltage thiab tam sim no raws li txoj cai ntawm electromagnetic induction kom xa AC lub zog hluav taws xob. Hauv kev xyaum, transformers nrog voltage theem qis dua 35 kV (feem ntau yog 10 kV thiab qis dua), muaj peev xwm ntawm 6300 kVA thiab qis dua, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha rau cov neeg siv kawg feem ntau yog cais raws li kev faib khoom transformers. Txawm hais tias nws yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv tsev tau nruab rau hauv chav faib khoom, lub thawv hom substation tso rau sab nraum zoov, lossis lub ncej mounted transformer raug tshem tawm los ntawm tus ncej hluav taws xob, tsuav yog qhov voltage theem nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 20 kV lossis qis dua, lawv txhua tus muaj.faib transformers. Hauv qhov sib piv, lub zog hloov hluav taws xob, raws li lub npe qhia, yog siv los hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov phiaj hluav taws xob ntawm cov qib sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cov transformers loj yog ntsia nruab nrab ntawm 500 kV thiab 220 kV voltage theem nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam substations los pauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm ob daim phiaj fais fab. Cov transformers no muaj peev xwm loj heev tab sis tsis ncaj qha ua haujlwm ntawm kev muab lub zog rau cov neeg siv kawg. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub hwj chim transformers daws tau qhov "kev sib txuas ntawm lub hwj chim daim phiaj", thaum tis transformers ua tiav "kev sib txuas ntawm lub hwj chim daim phiaj thiab cov neeg siv".
Hauv tsev neeg loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom cua txias: roj immersed tis transformers thiab qhuav -hom faib transformers. Roj immersed tis transformers kiag li raus rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hlau thiab winding nyob rau hauv insulating roj, cia siab rau lub zoo thermal conductivity thiab rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo ntawm transformer roj kom ua tiav cov cua kub dissipation thiab rwb thaiv tsev. Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws ntsuas peb -theem muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 2500 kVA, thiab tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm tus ncej thaum lub peev xwm yog 315 kVA lossis qis dua. Nws yog tsim rau sab nraum zoov faib scenarios nyob rau hauv industrial thiab mining enterprises thiab civil vaj tse. Qhuav hom faib transformers siv cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev xws li epoxy resin nqus casting lossis impregnated rwb thaiv tsev xim es tsis txhob siv cov kua xov xwm, tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj to thiab hluav taws kub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov chaw sab hauv tsev nrog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws nruj xws li siab - nce vaj tse, tsev kho mob, kev lag luam complexes, subway chaw nres tsheb, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv sib txawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov qauv sib txawv, raws li cov khoom sib txawv. rau hauv ntau hom xws li cov tsoos silicon steel laminated hlau core transformers, amorphous alloy transformers, thiab qhov nce sai sai peb - qhov ntev ntawm qhov txhab hlau core transformers hauv xyoo tas los no.
Hauv kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev faib khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev txo qis tau ib txwm yog lub hauv paus tsav tsheb. Roj immersed faib transformers tau muab faib ua S9, S11, S13 thiab lwm yam series raws li lawv cov kev ua tau zoo. Qhov tsis muaj-load poob ntawm S11 series yog kwv yees li 20% qis dua li ntawm S9 series, thaum S13 series ntxiv txo nws li 25% raws li S11. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm amorphous alloy transformers tau thawb kev txuag hluav taws xob mus rau qhov siab tshiab - nws siv hlau -raws li amorphous alloy strips raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb, thiab nws tsis muaj -load poob tsuas yog kwv yees li 20% ntawm S9 series roj immersed transformers, txo cov hlau poob los ntawm 70% rau silicon steel ntawv piv rau 80%. Tom qab tus yam ntxwv no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tsis sib haum xeeb atomic kev npaj qauv ntawm amorphous alloy cov ntaub ntawv, uas nws hysteresis poob yog li ntawm ib -peb rau ib- tsib feem pua ntawm cov tsoos silicon steel los xij, yog li coj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau thaum txo qis tsis muaj - load zog noj. Amorphous alloy transformers yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov xwm txheej siv hluav taws xob xws li cov kab hluav taws xob nyob deb nroog nrog cov nqi qis thiab ntev tsis muaj - sijhawm thauj khoom, vim tias tsis muaj -load poob ntawm transformers dominate cov kev khiav hauj lwm poob nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias amorphous alloy cov ntaub ntawv lawv tus kheej muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov siab brittleness. Thaum sib txuas amorphous alloy strips nrog cov txheej txheem ca winding, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev -. Txog rau qhov kawg no, cov tsev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab cov lag luam tau tsom mus rau kev sib tw ntawm peb daim duab peb sab - qhov ntev winding hlau core qauv nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no - tsis tu ncua winding keeb kwm ca silicon steel los yog amorphous strips nyob rau hauv ib tug peb -dimensional triangular yam tsim ib seamless thiab symmetrical kaw. Thaum qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau tau txhim kho zoo heev, qhov tsis muaj -load poob tuaj yeem txo los ntawm 20% mus rau 50% piv rau cov tsoos hlau core transformers, thiab cov suab nrov ua haujlwm kuj txo qis. Cov khoom lag luam uas sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv amorphous alloy nrog peb - qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov txhab hlau core qauv tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm lub zog tshaj plaws - txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv thaj chaw tam sim no ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Hais txog cov qauv kev siv hluav taws xob thiab cov cai tswjfwm, Tuam Tshoj tau nce lub zog tsis tu ncua -txuag cov kev xav tau rau kev faib khoom hloov pauv hauv xyoo tas los no. Lub teb chaws tus qauv GB 20052-2024 "Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob Cov Hluav Taws Xob thiab Qib rau Fais Fab Hloov Hloov" tau raug ua tiav thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1, 2025. Cov qauv no siv tau rau cov roj rau hauv dej thiab qhuav-hom faib transformers nrog peb -theem voltage theem ntawm VA thiab 10 k 2500 kVA ua. Nws qhia meej meej peb -theem zog efficiency Performance index system thiab, piv rau 2020 version, thawj zaug, ntxiv zog efficiency qib yuav tsum tau rau tshiab zog tiam sab (photovoltaic, cua zog, zog cia) transformers, ntxiv txhim kho kev siv efficiency ntawm lub zog tshiab los ntawm tiam tiam. Raws li txoj cai txhawb nqa, S9 thiab qis dua qhov poob siab faib transformers tau nrawm lawv tawm ntawm theem keeb kwm. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kwv yees li 42% ntawm kev ua haujlwm faib khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Suav teb yog S9 thiab qis dua cov qauv kev ua haujlwm qis, thiab kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob tshiab yuav tso tawm ntau pua lab nyiaj yuan hauv kev hloov pauv. Rau cov pab pawg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam transformer, cov qauv no txhais tau hais tias qhov kev thov rau kev kho dua tshiab hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev tseem muaj zog, thaum tseem khaws cov khoom lag luam paub tab thiab cov khoom lag luam rau kev nce qib hauv kev lag luam txawv teb chaws.
Hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, cov ntawv pov thawj xa tawm thiab cov txheej txheem kev ua raws li kev faib tawm transformers yog qhov tseem ceeb txuas. IEC 60076 series, raws li tus qauv kev cai thoob ntiaj teb tshaj plaws hauv kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob, yog lub hauv paus kev lag luam rau kev nkag mus rau kev lag luam hauv ntau lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam. Nws suav nrog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb xws li ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub, qib rwb thaiv tsev, thiab luv luv - Circuit Court withstand peev. Raws li qhov no, lub hom phiaj sib txawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntawv pov thawj tshwj xeeb: rau kev xa tawm mus rau North American lag luam, cov khoom yuav tsum ua raws li ANSI / IEEE C57 series cov qauv thiab Canadian CSA cov qauv, thiab tau txais ntawv pov thawj UL los ntawm NRTL lub chaw soj nstuam tau lees paub los ntawm US Occupational Safety and Health Administration; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, US Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm txwv qhov tseem ceeb rau tsis muaj - thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom poob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov xa tawm yuav tsum them rau DOE kev ua raws cai hauv lawv cov ntawv pov thawj. Nkag mus rau EU kev ua lag luam, pabcuam thiab cais cov hloov pauv uas muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws tsis tshaj 1000 volts yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm CE Cov Lus Qhia Tsawg Voltage. Lawv feem ntau raug soj ntsuam rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob siv IEC / EN 61558 series cov qauv thiab ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm ErP Cov Lus Qhia (EC 548/2014 Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm) rau cov khoom me thiab nruab nrab-size fais fab transformers. Rau Russia thiab Eurasian Economic Union, kev faib khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum dhau EAC daim ntawv pov thawj thiab yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai tswj hwm kev lis kev cai xws li TR CU 004/2011 thiab TR CU 020/2011. Cov fais fab loj loj yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws li lub cev ntawv pov thawj lees paub los ntawm lub koomhaum. Cov cheeb tsam Middle East thiab Africa (xws li SABER hauv Saudi Arabia, PVoC hauv Kenya, thiab SONCAP hauv Nigeria) feem ntau tau txais cov qauv kev lees paub ua ntej xa tawm, xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txawv teb chaws kom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ua raws li cov khoom xa tuaj rau kev lis kev cai. Daim ntawv thov tsim nyog ntawm CB system (International Electrotechnical Product Qualification Testing and Mutual Recognition System) tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv ntau daim ntawv pov thawj lub voj voog - tom qab tau txais daim ntawv tshaj tawm CB raws li IEC cov qauv hauv ib lub teb chaws, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem thov rau lwm lub teb chaws rau cov tswv cuab hauv tsev ntawv pov thawj raws li qhov no, zam cov nqi qis dua thiab cov nqi sib tw.
Saib ua ntej mus rau yav tom ntej kev loj hlob tiam sis, faib transformers yog hloov zuj zus mus rau kev txawj ntse, kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab kev ntseeg siab. Raws li kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv, lub ntiaj teb no faib transformer lag luam loj tau mus txog kwv yees li 21.95 billion US dollars los ntawm 2025, thiab xav kom loj hlob mus rau 39.67 billion US dollars los ntawm 2034, nrog ib tug compound txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm kwv yees li 6.8%. Kev lag luam ntse hloov pauv tau loj hlob sai nrog qhov sib xyaw ua ke txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm ntau dua 15%, thiab thaj av Asia Pacific tuav lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam nrog ib feem ntawm 42%, tag nrho xav txog kev nqis peev loj ntawm kev lag luam tawm tshiab hauv kev hloov kho hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov pauv. Hauv Suav teb, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam transformer tau tshaj 300 billion yuan los ntawm 2025, suav txog ntau dua 50% ntawm kev tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm lub zog-txuag hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim phiaj tau nce los ntawm kaum feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus piv rau 2020. Tib lub sijhawm, kev nce qib thiab kev siv cov roj zaub insulated transformers kuj tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig - hloov cov tshuaj ntxhia roj nrog ntuj ester rwb thaiv tsev kua, biodegradation tus nqi tuaj yeem ncav cuag ze li ntawm 100%, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. siab- thaj chaw siab.
Thaum cov neeg siv khoom nug txog kev xaiv cov lus qhia rau kev faib khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws yuav pab tau kom lawv xav txog cov lus nug hauv qab no: Cov khoom puas yuav raug teeb tsa hauv tsev lossis sab nraum zoov? Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb dab tsi yog cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws hauv zos muaj rau kev sib cais hluav taws thiab kev xaiv nruab nrab? Puas yog lub zog thauj khoom muaj nyob rau ntev - lub sij hawm tsis tu ncua siab load lossis muaj lub teeb pom kev pom tseeb, uas txiav txim siab qhov kev lag luam hnyav - tawm ntawm tsis muaj - load poob thiab load poob? Puas yog cov ntawv pov thawj thiab cov qauv kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev ua lag luam uas qhov project yog nyob ntawm IEC lossis ANSI / IEEE lub moj khaum? Tom qab qhia meej txog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb no ib los ntawm ib qho, kev xaiv ntawm cov roj tso rau hauv thiab qhuav - hom kev hloov pauv, kev xaiv ntawm silicon steel thiab amorphous alloy cov ntaub ntawv, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tsoos laminated thiab peb - qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov txhab hlau cov qauv yuav raug nthuav tawm. Raws li lub hub tseem ceeb txuas rau daim phiaj hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg siv hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob yuav tsis yog cov khoom siv dazzling tshaj plaws, tab sis lawv tau muab faib rau ntau pua txhiab tus ntawm txhua lub hwj chim ntawm txhua lub hwj chim, ntsiag to txhawb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas niaj hnub ntiaj teb ua tsis tau.
